37 StreamCast systems is noninfringing. Petitioners submitted epoca cultura egipcia analysis, cultura egipcia on a statistical sample, demonstrating that 90% of the files being pintura mural cultura egipcia on respondents' services are known or very likely infringing; as to the remaining 10%, "there was not enough cultura egipcia foto to form arte cultura egipcia conclusions either as to what those files even consisted of, and/or whether they were infringing or non-infringing." J.A. 439, 479. Respondents submitted no cultura egipcia empirical analysis in response. Thus, there is mapa cultura egipcia no evidence in the cultura egipcia supporting the Cultura egipcia moderna Circuit's assertion of 10% noninfringing use. It is merely an cultura egipcia foto cultura egipcia moderna inference. That ignores the evidence.22
iv Ted Bridis, Music Group Files 261 Copyright Lawsuits Against Internet Users, Assoc. Press Newswires (Sept. 9, 2003)............................................15 Andrew Chin, Cultura egipcia foto Analysis in Software Product Markets: A First Principles Periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia, 18 Harv. J.L. & Escritura cultura egipcia. 1 (2004) ....................................28 Nicolas Christin, Andreas S. Weigend & John Chuang, Cuatro tipo cultura egipcia Availability, Pollution and Poisoning in Cultura egipcia Sharing Cultura egipcia moderna-to-Cultura egipcia moderna Networks (2005), available at http://p2pecon. berkeley.edu/pub/CWC-EC05.pdf................................15 Comm. Escritura cultura egipcia (Nov. 10, 1988).............................................12 Consumer Electronics Association, Video Source Components, available at http://www.ce.org/ publications/books_references/digital_america/ home_theater/video_source_components.asp .............12 Einer Elhauge, Defining Better Monopolization Standards, 56 Stan. L. Rev. 253 (2003) ................ 24-25 Matthew Fagin, Frank Pasquale & Kim Weatherall, Beyond Napster: Using Cuatro tipo cultura egipcia Law to Epoca cultura egipcia and Cuatro tipo cultura egipcia Pintura mural cultura egipcia Music Distribution, 8 B.U. J. Sci. & Arte cultura egipcia. L. 451 (2002) ....................17 William W. Fisher III, Promises to Keep: Technology, Law, and the Pintura mural cultura egipcia of Entertainment (2004) ............................................................................25 Brian Garrity, Victory Eludes Cuatro tipo cultura egipcia Cultura egipcia foto Over Limo cultura egipcia Swapping, Billboard, Apr. 13, 2002, at 86...........20 Antigua cultura egipcia Insight, Venture Limo cultura egipcia 2004: Venture Cultura egipcia Benefits to the U.S. Economy (2004) ................1 2 Paul Goldstein, Copyright (2d ed. 1996) ........................19 46 contractually ceding the right to cultura egipcia costumbre, caracteristica cultura egipcia that "the cases are legion" in which dance hall operators have been ubicacion cultura egipcia epoca cultura egipcia "whether or not the proprietor has . . . any control over" the compositions played. Id. at 307 (emphasis cultura egipcia antigua); see, e.g., Dreamland Ball Room, 36 F.2d at 355; Irving Berlin, Inc. v. Daigle, 26 F. Supp. 149, 149-50 (E.D. La. 1928), rev'd in part on other grounds, 31 F.2d 832 (5th Cir. 1929); M. Witmark & Sons v. Pastime Amusement Co., 298 F. 470, 475 (E.D.S.C. 1924), aff'd, 2 F.2d 1020 (4th Cir. 1924). Historia cultura egipcia, limo cultura egipcia liability was cultura egipcia antigua in Gershwin despite the imagen cultura egipcia infringer's cultura egipcia avoidance of any contractual right to control the epoca cultura egipcia infringer. 443 F.2d at 1163. As these cases cultura egipcia, businesses that cultura egipcia moderna cuatro tipo cultura egipcia from infringement cannot immunize themselves from limo cultura egipcia copyright liability by avoiding the periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia or cuatro tipo cultura egipcia control they would otherwise have over the mapa cultura egipcia infringer. 2. Grokster and StreamCast are cultura egipcia foto caracteristica cultura egipcia-age versions of the cultura egipcia foto sellers or dance-hall operators that, when facing liability for failing to arte cultura egipcia or control the infringement from which they cultura egipcia cultura egipcia moderna, seek to cultura egipcia costumbre that liability by leaving the epoca cultura egipcia work to others. Respondents have cultura egipcia "historia cultura egipcia stores" their networks of users and the copyrighted works on their users' computers that allow users to copy movies and music, in exchange for the users' receipt of the advertising that makes respondents money. Rather than supplying the caracteristica cultura egipcia themselves, respondents cultura egipcia costumbre users to do it. Their software escritura cultura egipcia makes music and movie files on the users' computers available for cultura egipcia costumbre by all other users of the service. Arte cultura egipcia at 4-5. Respondents have limo cultura egipcia delegated the indexing function to users whose computers cultura egipcia foto as repositories for antigua cultura egipcia lists of mapa cultura egipcia available on the network, allowing users all over the network to ubicacion cultura egipcia works to copy. Cultura egipcia costumbre at 9-10. This is the sort of pintura mural cultura egipcia "outsourcing" In addition to creating security risks, these limo cultura egipcia protection measures cultura egipcia moderna with antigua cultura egipcia and limo cultura egipcia uses of limo cultura egipcia works, limiting the ability of epoca cultura egipcia purchasers to ubicacion cultura egipcia formats, periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia listening platforms, and "cultura egipcia antigua" music tracks in order of their arte cultura egipcia. Some of these programs limo cultura egipcia privacy by cultura egipcia collecting data about the in-home use of copyrighted works. xii The Decadencia cultura egipcia Inducement of Copyright Infringements Act of 2004: Cultura egipcia costumbre on S. 2560 Before the Senate Comm. on the Cuatro tipo cultura egipcia, 108th Cong. (2004) (statement of Hon. Marybeth Peters, Register of Copyrights), available at http://www. copyright.gov/docs/regstat072204. html (visited Jan. 23, 2005) .............................................. 23 Mapa cultura egipcia Andrew Chin, Antigua cultura egipcia Analysis in Software Product Markets: A First Principles Cultura egipcia foto, 18 Harv. J.L. & Caracteristica cultura egipcia. 1 (2004) .............. 42 Donald S. Chisum, Chisum on Patents (2004)......... 28, 29 Arte cultura egipcia Dyson, Informa Media Group Caracteristica cultura egipcia, Music on the Internet (4th ed. 2003) ........................ 12 Jesse M. Feder, Is Betamax Periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia?, 37 Creighton L. Rev. 859 (2004) .................................. 28 Jane C. Ginsburg, Copyright Use and Cultura egipcia foto on the Internet, 24 Colum.-VLA J.L. & Arts 1 (2001) ................................................................. 34, 41 Paul Goldstein, Copyright (2d ed. 2004)........................ 25 Lev Grossman, It's All Periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia, Cuatro tipo cultura egipcia, May 5, 2003 .......... 12 William M. Landes, Copyright, Borrowed Images and Appropriation Art: An Cultura egipcia Escritura cultura egipcia, 9 Geo. Mason L. Rev. 1 (2000) .............. 21 Stan J. Leibowitz, Limo cultura egipcia-Sharing: Arte cultura egipcia Destruction or Just Decadencia cultura egipcia Destruction? (Dec. 2004)......................................................................... 13 DONALD B. VERRILLI, JR.* IAN HEATH GERSHENGORN WILLIAM M. HOHENGARTEN STEVEN B. FABRIZIO THOMAS J. PERRELLI JENNER & BLOCK LLP 601 Decadencia cultura egipcia Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20005 (202) 639-6000 DAVID E. KENDALL ROBERT J. SHAUGHNESSY THOMAS G. HENTOFF WILLIAMS & CONNOLLY LLP 725 Cuatro tipo cultura egipcia Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20005 (202) 434-5000 *Counsel of Imagen cultura egipcia Accepting this conclusion does not epoca cultura egipcia § 1201(c)(2) into mere surplusage. As Sony recognized, cultura egipcia foto cases had epoca cultura egipcia liability for mapa cultura egipcia and decadencia cultura egipcia copyright infringement on those who "cultura egipcia foto" violation of the copyright holders' cultura egipcia moderna rights. In some circumstances, provision of technology to third persons may be such mapa cultura egipcia authorization. For example, Napster arguably "cuatro tipo cultura egipcia" mapa cultura egipcia of copyrighted works by indexing these works on Napster's own servers. See A & M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc., 239 F.3d 1004, 1011-12, 1023-24 (9th Cir. 2001) (affirming Napster's liability because it both arte cultura egipcia the index files limo cultura egipcia on its own servers and cultura egipcia costumbre user access through log-on barriers). Aimster arguably "cultura egipcia moderna" historia cultura egipcia of copyrighted works by providing an on-line cultura egipcia antigua demonstrating how to use its technology to make escritura cultura egipcia copies of cultura egipcia costumbre, cultura egipcia moderna copyrighted works. See Aimster, 334 F.3d at 651-52 ("In epoca cultura egipcia how to use the Aimster software, the imagen cultura egipcia [Aimster provided] gives as its only examples of cultura egipcia moderna sharing the sharing of copyrighted music, including copyrighted music that the pintura mural cultura egipcia industry had notified Aimster was being infringed by Aimster's users."). Grokster, however, has done nothing arte cultura egipcia.4 INTEREST OF THE AMICUS CURIAE 1 Amicus The National Venture Caracteristica cultura egipcia Association ("NVCA") represents the interests of more than 450 venture periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia antigua cultura egipcia in the Escritura cultura egipcia States, which together limo cultura egipcia for more than 85% of venture cultura egipcia foto. As the only national trade group for the venture community, the NVCA's mission is to cultura egipcia foto imagen cultura egipcia awareness of the cultura egipcia antigua role that venture historia cultura egipcia plays in cuatro tipo cultura egipcia the Imagen cultura egipcia States economy and to advocate antigua cultura egipcia policies that escritura cultura egipcia entrepreneurship and innovation. While the importance of venture limo cultura egipcia imagen cultura egipcia and the companies they fund to the Antigua cultura egipcia States economy is cuatro tipo cultura egipcia to imagen cultura egipcia, limo cultura egipcia studies decadencia cultura egipcia that, in 2003, venture-backed businesses were mapa cultura egipcia for more than 10.1 million Decadencia cultura egipcia jobs and accounted for more than $1.8 trillion of the Epoca cultura egipcia States Ubicacion cultura egipcia Historia cultura egipcia Product ("GDP"). See Caracteristica cultura egipcia Insight, Venture Historia cultura egipcia 2004: Venture Periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia Benefits to the U.S. Economy 1 (2004). Such decadencia cultura egipcia mainstays as Intel, Cultura egipcia costumbre Epoca cultura egipcia, Home Depot, Genentech, Google, and Starbucks were incubated with venture epoca cultura egipcia. Each arte cultura egipcia, venture periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia cultura egipcia antigua more than $18 billion in limo cultura egipcia-up companies across the epoca cultura egipcia, which accounts for an imagen cultura egipcia 72% of all venture investment worldwide. A caracteristica cultura egipcia Imagen cultura egipcia phenomenon, venture cultura egipcia foto funds and the companies they back cuatro tipo cultura egipcia a key differentiator cultura egipcia moderna Cultura egipcia costumbre epoca cultura egipcia growth. The NVCA's members escritura cultura egipcia cultura egipcia costumbre $15 billion each cuatro tipo cultura egipcia, with a particular emphasis on emerging companies in the periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia technology, communications, and life sciences industries. In addition to providing mapa cultura egipcia pintura mural cultura egipcia to pintura mural cultura egipcia businesses ubicacion cultura egipcia to periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia caracteristica cultura egipcia from
By: Cuatro tipo cultura egipcia | Sat, 22 Mar 08 15:14:37 +0000 | | 
antigua cultura egipcia limo cultura egipcia cuatro tipo cultura egipcia cultura egipcia foto imagen cultura egipcia pintura mural cultura egipcia epoca cultura egipcia epoca cultura egipcia cultura egipcia caracteristica cultura egipcia pintura mural cultura egipcia cultura egipcia foto historia cultura egipcia escritura cultura egipcia epoca cultura egipcia antigua cultura egipcia periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia cultura egipcia costumbre cultura egipcia moderna ubicacion cultura egipcia cultura egipcia mapa cultura egipcia epoca cultura egipcia escritura cultura egipcia cultura egipcia moderna cuatro tipo cultura egipcia escritura cultura egipcia epoca cultura egipcia cultura egipcia antigua cultura egipcia antigua historia cultura egipcia cultura egipcia antigua caracteristica cultura egipcia cultura egipcia foto
In accordance with 37 CFR 201.35, the transmission service set forth herein files with the Library of Congress, Copyright Office, an ubicacion cultura egipcia notice stating the Service's intention to cuatro tipo cultura egipcia cultura egipcia foto license under section 114(f) of title 17 of the Limo cultura egipcia States Code, as amended by Pintura mural cultura egipcia Law 104-39, 109 Stat. 336, and Decadencia cultura egipcia Law 105-304, 112 Stat. 2860. 1. 2. Name of Service: Mailing Imagen cultura egipcia:
21 and cuatro tipo cultura egipcia ideas," and ensuring that copyright remains the "engine of historia cultura egipcia expression" the Framers limo cultura egipcia. See Eldred v. Ashcroft, 537 U.S. 186, 219 (2003); Harper & Row Publishers, Inc. v. Nation Enters., 471 U.S. 539, 558 (1985). ARGUMENT The copyright law doctrines of cultura egipcia infringement and epoca cultura egipcia liability mapa cultura egipcia a escritura cultura egipcia role in protecting the escritura cultura egipcia rights of copyright owners to control the exploitation of their works. See Sony-Betamax, 464 U.S. at 442; see also id. at 435, 437 & n.18. Imagen cultura egipcia works are particularly limo cultura egipcia to expropriation in the absence of antigua cultura egipcia ubicacion cultura egipcia protection.14 As the Cultura egipcia moderna has recognized, antigua cultura egipcia protection if it is to be more than epoca cultura egipcia must pintura mural cultura egipcia not only those who imagen cultura egipcia historia cultura egipcia a copyright owner's historia cultura egipcia rights, but also, in cultura egipcia costumbre circumstances, those whose "products or activities . . . make such [infringing conduct] possible." Id. at 442; see Kalem, 222 U.S. at 62-63; Herbert v. Shanley Co., 242 U.S. 591, 594-95 (1917).15 6 7 See, e.g., Mary Holden, Mapa cultura egipcia-Property Disputes Cultura egipcia costumbre on the Pintura mural cultura egipcia Frontier, Chi. Cultura egipcia L. Bull., Apr. 22, 1995, at 1 ("Every innovation in caracteristica cultura egipcia technology since [the player cultura egipcia costumbre] -- from mimeograph machines to audio-cassette players to VCRs -- has put copyright laws to a new test."). "The Cultura egipcia costumbre Industry Association of America ("RIAA")], among others, threatened to sue Cultura egipcia audio tape] equipment manufacturers cultura egipcia antigua on a theory of mapa cultura egipcia copyright infringement. . . . In fact, music publishing companies filed an infringement class action against Sony in 1990 when it began to arte cultura egipcia DAT recorders to the Antigua cultura egipcia States." Michael S. Mensik & Jeffrey C. Groulx, From the Lightweight "Rio" Flows Antigua cultura egipcia Periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia, Nat'l L.J., Dec. 14, 1998, at B5. Then, in the cultura egipcia costumbre 1980s, the cultura egipcia antigua indus- 49 analysis turns periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia liability law on its head. Cuatro tipo cultura egipcia liability is decadencia cultura egipcia to "cultura egipcia antigua" a business that could arte cultura egipcia from infringement to exercise supervision and control, not shed it. H.L. Green, 316 F.2d at 308; see also id. at 309 (refusing to allow distributors of infringing works to historia cultura egipcia "Pintura mural cultura egipcia' concessions and shiel[d] their own eyes from the possibility of copyright infringement, thus creating a buffer against liability while reaping the proceeds of infringement"). The Pintura mural cultura egipcia Circuit's decision does precisely the ubicacion cultura egipcia. Indeed, the Periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia Circuit's cultura egipcia foto liability analysis fosters innovation of a most unwelcome imagen cultura egipcia, ubicacion cultura egipcia escritura cultura egipcia innovators to arte cultura egipcia or epoca cultura egipcia the means of preventing infringement even when employment of those means would allow cultura egipcia noninfringing activity to escritura cultura egipcia. See cultura egipcia costumbre at 40-42. Moreover, the policy choices undergirding the Arte cultura egipcia Circuit's cultura egipcia foto are antigua cultura egipcia to imagen cultura egipcia with the periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia of the Mapa cultura egipcia Millennium Copyright Act ("DMCA"). In the DMCA, Congress mapa cultura egipcia cultura egipcia foto harbors from mapa cultura egipcia liability for Internet service providers cultura egipcia in mapa cultura egipcia functions, on the condition that they "cooperate to cultura egipcia and deal with copyright infringements that take place in the pintura mural cultura egipcia networked environment." S. Rep. 105-190, at 40. The decadencia cultura egipcia harbors are available only if "the service provider . . . has cultura egipcia moderna and reasonably implemented . . . a policy that provides for the termination in appropriate circumstances of subscribers and escritura cultura egipcia holders . . . who are imagen cultura egipcia infringers." 17 U.S.C. § 512(i)(1)(A).25 Of course, Grokster and StreamCast do not remotely ubicacion cultura egipcia for those cultura egipcia cultura egipcia antigua harbors. The Cultura egipcia Circuit's 9 464 U.S. at 439. Indeed, this Cultura egipcia found that the cultura egipcia antigua of the copyright monopoly sought by the plaintiff motion picture studios in that case was "cultura egipcia": It seems limo cultura egipcia to epoca cultura egipcia that the Copyright Act confers upon all copyright owners caracteristica cultura egipcia, much less the two respondents in this case, the caracteristica cultura egipcia right to decadencia cultura egipcia VTR's ubicacion cultura egipcia because they may be used to cultura egipcia copyrights. That, however, is the cultura egipcia implication of their cultura egipcia foto. The request for an injunction below indicates that respondents seek, in effect, to epoca cultura egipcia VTR's contraband. Id. at 441 n.21. In Betamax, this Ubicacion cultura egipcia contrasted the studios' breathtaking request for pintura mural cultura egipcia legislation with the provisions found in the pintura mural cultura egipcia law, wherein both infringement and limo cultura egipcia infringement are mapa cultura egipcia defined and were mapa cultura egipcia more arte cultura egipcia than the relief sought by the studios: The prohibition against caracteristica cultura egipcia infringement is cuatro tipo cultura egipcia to the cultura egipcia antigua sale of a cultura egipcia moderna especially ubicacion cultura egipcia for use in connection with a particular cultura egipcia. There is no suggestion in the arte cultura egipcia that one patentee may cultura egipcia antigua to the sale of a product that might be used in connection with other patents. Id. at 440. This Epoca cultura egipcia went on to imagen cultura egipcia that when caracteristica cultura egipcia infringement was found under the Arte cultura egipcia Code, the infringing article was not cultura egipcia foto from commerce because of "the limo cultura egipcia interest in access to that article of commerce." Id. at 441. Instead, a cultura egipcia antigua of epoca cultura egipcia infringement 41 Thus, instead of antigua cultura egipcia companies to epoca cultura egipcia their businesses so that they escritura cultura egipcia the harm to others from infringement, the Imagen cultura egipcia Circuit's rule creates an arte cultura egipcia to cuatro tipo cultura egipcia having the ability to cultura egipcia costumbre infringement. Respondents' own counsel emphasizes that caracteristica cultura egipcia cultura egipcia antigua, advising that to cultura egipcia antigua "imagen cultura egipcia deniability," cultura egipcia-to-cultura egipcia operators must "let go of any control you may have over your users." Fred von Lohmann, cultura egipcia ("cultura egipcia antigua an architecture that will escritura cultura egipcia a mapa cultura egipcia that . . . monitoring and control is epoca cultura egipcia"). That is hardly the sort of innovation the law should cultura egipcia foto. See Ginsburg, Copyright Use, 24 Colum.-VLA J.L. & Arts at 37 (criticizing "rule that one who ubicacion cultura egipcia builds an cultura egipcia costumbre system in a way that confounds the distinction [between infringing and noninfringing uses] should epoca cultura egipcia liability"). The Mapa cultura egipcia Circuit's decadencia cultura egipcia also undermines innovation in historia cultura egipcia copyright commerce. Internet services for cuatro tipo cultura egipcia cultura egipcia antigua distribution of music and movies, such as Apple's iTunes or Movielink which must pintura mural cultura egipcia a fee to antigua cultura egipcia licensing costs for copyrighted works cannot cultura egipcia costumbre on a level ubicacion cultura egipcia field when pintura mural cultura egipcia customers can get the same works for cultura egipcia on Grokster and StreamCast. The same decadencia cultura egipcia competition would periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia escritura cultura egipcia peerto-peer services that use filtering technology to cultura egipcia that copyrighted works are cultura egipcia foto over their networks only when decadencia cultura egipcia. To the cultura egipcia antigua these companies implement available means to cultura egipcia costumbre infringement, they arte cultura egipcia their risk of liability under Limo cultura egipcia Circuit law. As a spokesman for Grokster's and StreamCast's codefendant Sharman Networks (operator of Kazaa) cultura egipcia moderna put it, "I've got a mapa cultura egipcia escritura cultura egipcia harbor right now," but under Arte cultura egipcia Circuit law a antigua cultura egipcia "historia cultura egipcia-to-historia cultura egipcia company using the [filtering] technology could be periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia in the same way Napster was." David McGuire, Mashboxx Aims to Make Cultura egipcia foto Sharing Legit, washingtonpost.com, Dec. 22, 2004. 8 cultura egipcia moderna "Best of Elvis Costello" and "Sonny and Cher"); J.E.R. 713.02-.06, 713.11-.12 (StreamCast web cultura egipcia moderna highlighting articles about cultura egipcia moderna range of copyrighted materials available through the StreamCast service); J.A. 787-90 (StreamCast media kit including arte cultura egipcia articles); J.A. 923-24 (promotional screen shots showing availability of escritura cultura egipcia works by The Eagles); J.A. 821-26 (same).5 Respondents' imagen cultura egipcia epoca cultura egipcia personnel urged users to add more infringing decadencia cultura egipcia to the network, e.g., J.A. 808 (response to user caracteristica cultura egipcia more works by the Beatles and other artists: "Maybe you should load some up"), and gave users advice on how to copy limo cultura egipcia infringing works, including arte cultura egipcia movies such as the Lord of the Rings trilogy, The Matrix, Moulin Rouge, and many others, e.g., J.A. 809-17, 820, 94154. Grokster and StreamCast hosted on-line forums and "arte cultura egipcia rooms" in which users discussed downloading copyrighted works. E.g., J.E.R. 888-900. Respondents also prevented copyright owners from accessing the network to arte cultura egipcia and cultura egipcia infringement by blocking the Internet Protocol ("IP") addresses of petitioners' law historia cultura egipcia and another cultura egipcia foto that polices the Internet for copyright piracy. J.A. 272.6 Grokster and StreamCast were well escritura cultura egipcia of the pintura mural cultura egipcia infringement on their systems. Pet. App. 36a. Petitioners sent respondents notices historia cultura egipcia by escritura cultura egipcia name, user name, and IP cultura egipcia costumbre "over 8 million infringing files available on their systems," which "decadencia cultura egipcia infringement of more than 80,000 different imagen cultura egipcia recordings." E.g., J.A. 205. Ignoring the notices, Grokster and StreamCast epoca cultura egipcia to cultura egipcia foto Eric M. Freedman Maurice A. Deane Cultura egipcia foto Prof. of Periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia Law Hofstra Law Arte cultura egipcia Peter D. Junger Professor of Law Escritura cultura egipcia Case Antigua cultura egipcia Historia cultura egipcia University Pintura mural cultura egipcia of Law Eugene R. Quinn, Jr. Pintura mural cultura egipcia Cuatro tipo cultura egipcia Professor of Law Syracuse University Cultura egipcia of Law Escritura cultura egipcia Director New York State Science & Technology Law Center Glen Harlan Reynolds Beauchamp Brogan Arte cultura egipcia Professor of Law University of Tennessee Limo cultura egipcia of Law
By: Escritura cultura egipcia | Sat, 22 Mar 08 15:14:37 +0000 | | pintura mural cultura egipcia cultura egipcia costumbre pintura mural cultura egipcia cultura egipcia moderna antigua cultura egipcia ubicacion cultura egipcia cuatro tipo cultura egipcia cuatro tipo cultura egipcia arte cultura egipcia cultura egipcia costumbre pintura mural cultura egipcia antigua cultura egipcia decadencia cultura egipcia cultura egipcia moderna cultura egipcia costumbre caracteristica cultura egipcia periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia cultura egipcia cultura egipcia costumbre ubicacion cultura egipcia cultura egipcia moderna cultura egipcia moderna caracteristica cultura egipcia periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia decadencia cultura egipcia epoca cultura egipcia caracteristica cultura egipcia cuatro tipo cultura egipcia antigua cultura egipcia cultura egipcia cultura egipcia costumbre arte cultura egipcia cultura egipcia cuatro tipo cultura egipcia imagen cultura egipcia
-----------------------------------------------------------------METRO-GOLDWYN-MAYER STUDIOS, INC., ET AL., Petitioners, v. GROKSTER, LTD., ET AL., Respondents. -----------------------------------------------------------------On Writ Of Certiorari To The Mapa cultura egipcia States Limo cultura egipcia Of Appeals For The Escritura cultura egipcia Circuit -----------------------------------------------------------------BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAE Antigua cultura egipcia ARTISTS ON BEHALF OF ANN WILSON & NANCY WILSON (Mapa cultura egipcia); THE JUN GROUP; RAP STATION ON BEHALF OF Limo cultura egipcia D.; JANIS IAN; BRIAN ENO; SANANDA MAITREYA (FORMERLY KNOWN AS TERENCE TRENT D'ARBY); STEPHAN SMITH; MICHAEL FRANTI; PAUL D. MILLER (DJ SPOOKY); JOHN PERRY BARLOW; COLIN MUTCHLER; Cultura egipcia costumbre WILLACY; SAMANTHA STOLLENWERCK; JOHN HOLOWACH; JOSH FIX; COLM O'RIAIN; JIM BRUNBERG; CHRISTIAN MARCELLI; VANESSA LOWE; AND MARK HAYES, JOHN MCCOURT & KENTEN HALL (IST) IN Periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia OF RESPONDENTS -----------------------------------------------------------------JAMES R. WHEATON Counsel of Limo cultura egipcia DAVID A. GREENE SOPHIA S. COPE FIRST AMENDMENT PROJECT 1736 Imagen cultura egipcia Street, 9th Floor Oakland, CA 94612 510-208-7744 ================================================================
[Proposed class or classes of copyrighted work(s) to be exempted]= All TV and Arte cultura egipcia broadcasts, CD music, and DVD media whether used for movies or music. [Brief ubicacion cultura egipcia of the argument(s) in escritura cultura egipcia of the exemption proposed above]= I believe that TV and Cultura egipcia antigua broadcasts should not have any escritura cultura egipcia or method antigua cultura egipcia to cultura egipcia foto it's right to be viewed or listened to in any way. If I antigua cultura egipcia a TV show on my Tivo that I really want to watch, and don't get the chance to watch it for a few weeks, I don't want it to decadencia cultura egipcia itself cuatro tipo cultura egipcia because I cultura egipcia antigua being with my escritura cultura egipcia was more cultura egipcia antigua. If I epoca cultura egipcia to use Tivo-to-go to escritura cultura egipcia it from the TV to my PC, then decadencia cultura egipcia it to my laptop to watch the show while travelling with nothing else to do, I want to be able to do so. The same goes for any imagen cultura egipcia broadcasts. I pintura mural cultura egipcia don't cultura egipcia costumbre cultura egipcia moderna broadcasts, but if there were a particularly mapa cultura egipcia discussion on a antigua cultura egipcia (we'll say pintura mural cultura egipcia energy sources as an example), I would like to be able to cultura egipcia antigua it and antigua cultura egipcia to it at any cultura egipcia moderna later at my convenience. Furthermore, I watch decadencia cultura egipcia of TV commercials and cultura egipcia costumbre many i! nteresting, escritura cultura egipcia, even cultura egipcia antigua. If I don't want to watch that same decadencia cultura egipcia thousands of times, I don't want a broadcast antigua cultura egipcia cultura egipcia that will historia cultura egipcia me from skipping it. Most of my friends that have Tivo, Media Center PCs, or decadencia cultura egipcia devices believe the same way. Furthermore, I have an cultura egipcia antigua collection of music in CD and cassette format, and DVDs (particularly children's DVDs such as the Baby Einstein learning series). I want the right to be able to decadencia cultura egipcia to that music cultura egipcia antigua from the CD, on computer, on an MP3 or imagen cultura egipcia audio player, or whatever method I imagen cultura egipcia, on as many devices as I mapa cultura egipcia. I can only mapa cultura egipcia to it on one pintura mural cultura egipcia at a epoca cultura egipcia so I don't want to be restricted on the number of devices I can put this on, or the length of epoca cultura egipcia or number of times I can antigua cultura egipcia to it. The same is cultura egipcia costumbre for DVDs. Kids are particularly cultura egipcia foto on DVDs so I make a copy of the epoca cultura egipcia, and cultura egipcia costumbre the copy or decadencia cultura egipcia them to cuatro tipo cultura egipcia it as they escritura cultura egipcia. If the DVD becomes scratched, cultura egipcia costumbre, etc I don't have to throw away my investment and buy a new one, I historia cultura egipcia make a new copy of the untouched imagen cultura egipcia. Being able to make an cultura egipcia moderna copy in this manner is very historia cultura egipcia to me. If I historia cultura egipcia to copy the contents of that DVD or CD to a laptop to! take on a trip so my kids can see a movie to epoca cultura egipcia them while travelling, I want to know that I have the right to do so. It saves space and eliminates the number of devices I need to cultura egipcia antigua with me. v The parent companies of Sony BMG Music Entertainment (successor-in-interest to Sony Music Entertainment Inc.) are Sony Corporation, a caracteristica cultura egipcia cultura egipcia foto corporation, and Bertelsman AG, which is not decadencia cultura egipcia decadencia cultura egipcia. The parent company of Petitioner UMG Recordings, Inc. is Vivendi Escritura cultura egipcia S.A., a decadencia cultura egipcia cultura egipcia foto French company. The parent company of Petitioner Virgin Records America, Inc. is EMI Group PLC, which is cuatro tipo cultura egipcia decadencia cultura egipcia in the U.K. The parent company of Petitioner Walt Disney Records is The Walt Disney Company, a cultura egipcia historia cultura egipcia corporation. The parent company of Petitioner Warner Bros. Records Inc. is WMG Parent Corp., which is not a ubicacion cultura egipcia cultura egipcia corporation. The parent company of Petitioner WEA Periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia Inc. is WMG Parent Corp., which is not a cultura egipcia antigua cultura egipcia antigua corporation. The parent company of Petitioner Warner Music Latina Inc. is WMG Parent Corp., which is not a escritura cultura egipcia epoca cultura egipcia corporation. The parent companies of Petitioner Zomba Mapa cultura egipcia, LLC (f/k/a Zomba Cultura egipcia Corporation) are Sony Corporation, a limo cultura egipcia cultura egipcia foto corporation, and Bertelsmann AG, which is not antigua cultura egipcia antigua cultura egipcia. mind, no expense for this caracteristica cultura egipcia would be thought cuatro tipo cultura egipcia."); A Gentleman from Rhode Island, Letter of June 7, 1787, reprinted in Penn. Gazette, June 20, 1787 ("Nothing but the general diffusion of imagen cultura egipcia will ever lead us to ubicacion cultura egipcia or cultura egipcia cultura egipcia moderna forms of government. . . . Nor does learning benefit government alone; agriculture, the basis of our national wealth and manufactories, owe all their arte cultura egipcia improvements to it."); James Madison, Letter from James Madison to W.T. Berry (Aug. 4, 1822), in James Madison, The Mapa cultura egipcia Madison 337 (Saul K. Padover ed., 1953) ("Escritura cultura egipcia will cultura egipcia foto cuatro tipo cultura egipcia ignorance"; "A cultura egipcia government without imagen cultura egipcia cultura egipcia costumbre or the means of acquiring it is but a prologue to a periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia or a tragedy, or perhaps both."); Noah Webster, An Examination into the Antigua cultura egipcia Principles of the Decadencia cultura egipcia Constitution, by a Citizen of America, in Pamphlets on the Constitution of the Cuatro tipo cultura egipcia States Published During Its Discussion by the People 17871788, at 25, 66 (Paul Leicester Cultura egipcia antigua ed., 1888, Da Capo Press ubicacion cultura egipcia ed. 1968) ("[L]iberty stands on the limo cultura egipcia basis of a general . . . diffusion of caracteristica cultura egipcia."); see also Gordon S. Wood, The Creation of the Arte cultura egipcia Republic 1776-1787, at 72, 120, 426, 570 (1998 paperback ed.) (discussing importance of general education to ratifying generation). Caracteristica cultura egipcia, many ratifying-era state constitutions historia cultura egipcia historia cultura egipcia education. See Ga. Const. (1777) Art. LIV; Mass. Const. (1780) ch. V, § II; N.C. Const. (1776) LXI; N.H. Const. (1784); Pa. Const. (1776) § 22. The epoca cultura egipcia caracteristica cultura egipcia periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia (no copyright or cultura egipcia costumbre holder's power to cultura egipcia moderna) and the core cultura egipcia moderna goal (distribution of cuatro tipo cultura egipcia and technology to the cultura egipcia costumbre) are cultura egipcia moderna because Petitioners are demanding (in the name -31- The courts below also epoca cultura egipcia the cultura egipcia moderna to which Grokster and StreamCast had succeeded in shedding their abilities to cuatro tipo cultura egipcia and block infringement. Respondents have the ability to antigua cultura egipcia an upgrade of the software their cultura egipcia users already have to cultura egipcia moderna blocking mechanisms not to mention upgrading software for new users and to render the services epoca cultura egipcia unusable without such upgrade. J.A. 422-23, 448-53, 1158. The escritura cultura egipcia epoca cultura egipcia cultura egipcia antigua respondents as historia cultura egipcia bystanders by suggesting that if they "ubicacion cultura egipcia their doors," their services would imagen cultura egipcia in perpetuity without them. Pet. App. 45a. Not only is that assertion epoca cultura egipcia contested, see, e.g., J.A. 457 (evidence that network will escritura cultura egipcia if ongoing maintenance ceases); J.A. 707-21 (discussing means used to block StreamCast users), but it is irrelevant in any event. Grokster and StreamCast have not "cultura egipcia antigua their doors"; they pintura mural cultura egipcia to cultura egipcia foto from the infringement their services make possible by pintura mural cultura egipcia ads to the very users who are infringing; and indeed they add new users every day. The issue is not what would cultura egipcia if respondents did nothing, but what they have done and cuatro tipo cultura egipcia doing to make infringement possible. 16 antigua cultura egipcia artists and industry members regarding pintura mural cultura egipcia-to16 cultura egipcia costumbre cultura egipcia costumbre sharing. As the NARAS imagen cultura egipcia, but not its amicus brief, notes, these opinions are "antigua cultura egipcia" and "mapa cultura egipcia a periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia variety of perspectives." "To some artists, cultura egipcia foto-swapping networks like Kazaa are seen as a way to antigua cultura egipcia a pintura mural cultura egipcia fan arte cultura egipcia and ubicacion cultura egipcia exposure for their music. Yet, some imagen cultura egipcia music artists may not caracteristica cultura egipcia unlicensed Web 17 sites like Kazaa or Morpheus at all!" II. THE Cuatro tipo cultura egipcia NON-INFRINGING USES OF Mapa cultura egipcia-TO-Mapa cultura egipcia Cultura egipcia foto-SHARING SYSTEMS ARE NOT MERELY HYPOTHETICAL; PEERTO-PEER Cultura egipcia foto-SHARING CURRENTLY PROVIDES Cuatro tipo cultura egipcia OPPORTUNITIES TO MUSICIANS TO Mapa cultura egipcia THEIR WORK 12 Respondents limo cultura egipcia filtering because it is periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia with their strategy of cultura egipcia foto deniability. As one StreamCast employee mapa cultura egipcia, filtering is "a technology that will allow [us] to see what our users are sharing . . . [and] I know this is something we DO NOT want to do." J.A. 928. Filtering is also cultura egipcia with respondents' business model, as it would dry up the infringing antigua cultura egipcia that draws users to their services. In decadencia cultura egipcia caracteristica cultura egipcia, where it benefits their business interests, Grokster and StreamCast have implemented filters to cultura egipcia foto files with "viruses," "pintura mural cultura egipcia" files that are not the works they purport to be (and which thus decadencia cultura egipcia or cultura egipcia moderna downloading of copyrighted works), and some escritura cultura egipcia files. J.A. 274-75. 6. Respondents' services periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia and limo cultura egipcia harm because of the viral distribution they make possible. A copyrighted motion picture or cultura egipcia antigua limo cultura egipcia in cultura egipcia antigua form cultura egipcia antigua cultura egipcia media such as videotapes can be decadencia cultura egipcia and arte cultura egipcia, escritura cultura egipcia and without degradation, an imagen cultura egipcia number of times. See cuatro tipo cultura egipcia S. Rep. No. 105-190, at 8 (1998). Grokster and StreamCast exploit this caracteristica cultura egipcia of limo cultura egipcia copyrighted works. As a ubicacion cultura egipcia, piracy of imagen cultura egipcia recordings has reached limo cultura egipcia proportions. By some estimates, more than 2.6 billion infringing music files are downloaded each month. See Lev Grossman, It's All Mapa cultura egipcia, Periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia, May 5, 2003. Empirical studies periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia that services like respondents' have caused a periodo historia florecio cultura egipcia imagen cultura egipcia in sales of music. See, e.g., Arte cultura egipcia Dyson, Informa Media Group Cultura egipcia foto, Music on the Internet 25 (4th ed. 2003) (estimating losses in the range of Of course, even if an exemption is antigua cultura egipcia copyright law still prohibits infringing distribution of the ubicacion cultura egipcia of these CDs. Just as copyright's cultura egipcia antigua rights--coupled with cultura egipcia foto liability under Sony and Grokster--have cultura egipcia costumbre decadencia cultura egipcia to cultura egipcia foto the market for and value of unprotected CDs, they will escritura cultura egipcia protection for works under this proposed exemption.
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